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Acute exacerbations due to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been reported, but their incidence is unknown. We investigated the incidence of exacerbations of ILD and respiratory symptoms due to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. A questionnaire survey was conducted on adverse reactions to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in 545 patients with ILD attending our hospital and retrospectively examined whether the eligible patients actually developed acute exacerbations of ILD induced by the vaccine. Of the 545 patients, 17 (3.1%) patients were aware of the exacerbation of respiratory symptoms, and four (0.7%) patients developed an acute ILD exacerbation after vaccination. Of the four patients who experienced exacerbations, two had collagen vascular disease-associated ILD, one had nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, another had unclassifiable idiopathic pneumonia, and none had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Four patients were treated using steroid pulse therapy with a steroid taper, and two of the four also received intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Tacrolimus was started in one patient with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eventually, all patients exhibited improvement with immunosuppressive treatment and were discharged. COVID-19 vaccination for patients with ILD should be noted for developing acute exacerbations of ILD with low incidence, although manageable with early diagnosis and treatment. © 2022 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases
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SESSION TITLE: Unique Inflammatory and Autoimmune Complications of COVID-19 Infections SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low serum IgG, IgA and/or IgM, and poor specific antibody production. CVID is estimated to affect as many as 1 in 25,000 individuals. Chronic lung disease is a common problem in patients with CVID. About 10-20% of patients have lymphocytic infiltrates and/or sarcoid-like granulomas, with several histological findings, termed granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). CASE PRESENTATION: Patient is a 61-year-old Caucasian woman with a history significant for CVID in remission who presented to the Pulmonary Clinic with a chief compliant of dyspnea of exertion (DOE). Patient was not suffering from any respiratory complaints until the diagnosis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia 4 months prior. For the following months, patient was slowly improving but was still suffering from severe DOE that has negatively impacted her quality of life. Patient has a remote history of smoking, having quit 10 years ago. Patient denied any joint pain, stiffness, swelling, skin rash, muscle ache, or weakness. No known history of SLE, Rheumatoid Arthritis, or other collagen vascular disorders had been reported. Patient denied any exposure to birds. Physical exam was significant only for bilateral basal rales with no wheezing or crackles. No skin rash, joints deformities, or clubbing was noticed. Laboratory studies revealed ESR was 17 with a CRP of 10.6. Negative ANA, SM, RNP, and SSA/SSB antibodies. Her Immunoglobulins levels were low with IgG 382 (nl > 610) and IgA < 2 (nl > 85). Her PFT revealed severe restrictive process with TLC 46% of predicted and severe reduction in DLCO at 35%. CT chest revealed diffuse central groundglass opacities, and interstitial thickening with traction bronchiectasis. Lung biopsy via VATS revealed lung parenchymal with focal, noncaseating granulomas, foci of focal interstitial lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis;features consistent with Granulomatosis-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease (GLILD). Systemic steroid initiated and for the following weeks patient reports significant improvement in DOE. Her PFT at 3 month follow up showed significant improvement in FVC (5% increase), TLC (11% increase), and DLCO (5% increase). DISCUSSION: The respiratory manifestations of CVID follow two main mechanisms: injury due to acute or recurrent infections and damage due to poorly understood immune-mediated processes. Severe COVID-19 results in dysregulated immune and inflammatory response that can worsen an underlying lung disease. Previous cases have been reported about CVID with GLILD complicated with COVID-19 infection but not vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is a rare case of CVID complicated by GLILD triggered by recent COVID-19 infection. However, little is known about the association between COVID-19 infection and GLILD and further investigation is needed. Reference #1: Ho HE, Mathew S, Peluso MJ, Cunningham-Rundles C. Clinical outcomes and features of COVID-19 in patients with primary immunodeficiencies in New York City. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;S2213–2198(20):31102–8. Reference #2: Prasse A, Kayser G, Warnatz K. Common variable immunodeficiency-associated granulomatous and interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2013;19:503–9. Reference #3: Cunningham-Rundles C, Bodian C. Common variable immunodeficiency: clinical and immunological features of 248 patients. Clin Immunol. 1999;92:34–48. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by husam nayef No relevant relationships by Arshia Vahabzadeh No relevant relationships by Zaid Yaqoob No relevant relationships by Mohammad Zalt
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With dermatologic side effects being fairly prevalent following vaccination against COVID-19, and the multitude of studies aiming to report and analyze these adverse events, the need for an extensive investigation on previous studies seemed urgent, in order to provide a thorough body of information about these post-COVID-19 immunization mucocutaneous reactions. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive electronic search was performed through the international databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, Web of science, and Google scholar on July 12, 2021, and all articles regarding mucocutaneous manifestations and considerations after COVID-19 vaccine administration were retrieved using the following keywords: COVID-19 vaccine, dermatology considerations and mucocutaneous manifestations. A total of 917 records were retrieved and a final number of 180 articles were included in data extraction. Mild, moderate, severe and potentially life-threatening adverse events have been reported following immunization with COVID vaccines, through case reports, case series, observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and further recommendations and consensus position papers regarding vaccination. In this systematic review, we categorized these results in detail into five elaborate tables, making what we believe to be an extensively informative, unprecedented set of data on this topic. Based on our findings, in the viewpoint of the pros and cons of vaccination, mucocutaneous adverse events were mostly non-significant, self-limiting reactions, and for the more uncommon moderate to severe reactions, guidelines and consensus position papers could be of great importance to provide those at higher risks and those with specific worries of flare-ups or inefficient immunization, with sufficient recommendations to safely schedule their vaccine doses, or avoid vaccination if they have the discussed contra-indications.